Generators info

Pneumatic flow control is the use of air as a control medium, or as the controlled medium, in which one medium controls the flow of another.

Pneumatic flow control taxonomy

There are two possible pneumatic flow controls: those that are controlled by pneumatics, and those that control pneumatics.

Pneumatically controlled valves

Pneumatically controlled valves are valves that are controlled by pressurized air.
These may include water flow valves that are controlled by compre ssed air.

Pneumatically controlling valves

Pneumatically controlling valves are valves that control the flow of pressurized air. Another medium such as water (hydraulics) or electricity, for example, may be used to control the valves.

In some cases, the valves are operated manually rather than automatically.

Verve Energy is a corporation owned by the Government of Western Australia. It was split from the monolithic vertical monopoly, Western Power, in 2006 during reforms to the state’s energy sector. Verve Energy owns and operates power generators.

Generators

Verve Energy owns five major power stations, supplying electricity to the South-West Interconnected System:

• Muja Power Station, east of Collie
• Collie Power Station, in Collie
• Kwinana Power Station, in Kwinana
• Cockburn Power Station, in Cockburn
• Pinjar Power Station, in Pinjar
• Mungarra Power Station

In addition it has various other generation plants, including windfarm assets in Albany and biomass facilities.

See also

• State Energy Commission of Western Australia
• Western Power
• Alinta

External links

• http://www.verveenergy.com.au/
• Government of Western Australia - Office of Energy
• Government of Western Australia - Office of Energy - Electricity Reform Implementation Unit

1. REDIRECTContinuously variable transmission

The Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is a transmission in which the ratio of the rotational speeds of two shafts, as the input shaft and output shaft of a vehicle or other machine, can be varied continuously within a given range, providing an infinite number of possible ratios.

The Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) should not be confused with the Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT). The IVT is a specific type of CVT that has an infinite range of input/output ratios in addition to its infinite number of possible ratios; this qualification for the IVT implies that its range of ratios includes a zero output/input ratio that can be continuously approached from a defined ‘higher’ ratio. A zero output implies an infinite input, which can be continuously approached from a given finite input value with an IVT. [Note: remember that so-called ‘low’ gears are a reference to low ratios of output/input which have high input/output ratios that are taken to the extreme with IVT’s, resulting in a ‘neutral’, or non-driving ‘low’ gear limit.] Generally, the usage of the term ‘CVT’ is not used for Infinitely Variable Transmissions because most CVT’s are not IVT’s.

The Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) should not be confused with the Power Split Transmission (PST), as used in the Toyota Prius and other hybrid vehicles that use two or more inputs with one output. PST’s are not CVT’s, despite some similarities in their function.

CVT’s are not intrinsically automatic, nor do they intrinsically include zero or reverse output. Such features may be adapted to CVT’s in certain specific applications.

Other mechanical transmissions only allow a few different discrete gear ratios to be selected, but the continuously variable transmission essentially has an infinite number of ratios available within a finite range, so it enables the relationship between the speed of a vehicle engine and the driven speed of the wheels to be selected within a continuous range. This can provide better fuel economy than other transmissions by enabling the engine to run at its most efficient speeds within a narrow range.

Master-View is the second studio album by Hexstatic. The CD version of the album includes 2 discs - a CD and a DVD.

Track listing

1. “Extra Life”
2. “Chase Me”
3. “Telemetron”
4. “L-Virata”
5. “Perfect Bird”
6. “Salvador”
7. “Living”
8. “Distorted Minds”
9. “That Track”
10. “Toys Are Us”
11. “Pulse”

DVD Track list

The DVD that accompanied the CD album contained the following tracks. A pair of 3-D film glasses were also included in the packaging for use with the 3D videos (tracks 13 - 18):

1. Extra Life (2D video)
2. Chase Me (2D video)
3. Telemetron (2D video)
4. L-Virata (2D video)
5. Perfect Bird (2D video)
6. Perfect Bird (Astroboy version) (2D video)
7. Salvador (2D video)
8. Living Stereo (2D video)
9. Distorted Minds (2D video)
10. That Track (2D video)
11. Toys Are Us (2D video)
12. Pulse (2D video)
13. Telemetron (3D video)
14. Salvador (3D video)
15. Living Stereo (3D video)
16. Distorted Minds (3D video)
17. That Track (3D video)
18. Pulse (3D video)
19. Extra Life (DVD audio)
20. Chase Me (DVD audio)
21. Telemetron (DVD audio)
22. L-Virata (DVD audio)
23. Perfect Bird (DVD audio)
24. Perfect Bird (Astroboy version) (DVD audio)
25. Salvador (DVD audio)
26. Living (DVD audio)
27. Living Stereo (DVD audio)
28. Living Stereo Eclectic Method remix (DVD audio)
29. Distorted Minds (DVD audio)
30. That Track (DVD audio)
31. That Track instrumental (DVD audio)
32. Toys Are Us (DVD audio)
33. Pulse (video mix) (DVD audio)
34. Pulse (CD mix) (DVD audio)
35. Master Mix (mix of the 2D videos listed above)

The DVD also contains the 3D version of the track “Deadly Media” from the previous album Rewind. It can only be viewed by directly accessing track 22 on the DVD using the DVD player’s remote control.

References

Track list on Ninja Tune website

Isometre is a music theory term describing the use of pulse without regular meter. See also: homorhythm.

Chas. T. Main Inc. was founded in 1893 by Charles T. Main, an engineer for the textile mills of New England. In addition to the traditional business of water and steam power, Main soon expanded into the new field of hydroelectric generators. It rose to become a world-wide player in the utility industries, providing many wide-ranging engineering services. For example, in the mid-1950’s Charles T. Main was responsible for the building of a hydro-electric plant in Turkey, a plant visited by the Shah of Iran during his effort to modernize Iran.

According to John Perkins, Main Inc. was additionally a consulting firm, which trapped Third World countries into international debts they could not repay. He published his account in “Confessions of an Economic Hit Man”.

In the late 1980s, mismanagement lead to the downfall of Main and it was bought by Parsons Corporation of Pasadena, California.

Chas T. Main, Inc. changed its name to Parsons Main, Inc. in January of 1992.

Time is a 2006 documentary television series first broadcast on BBC Four in the United Kingdom. It is written and presented by Michio Kaku.

Episode list

1. Daytime - exploring human perception of time in day-to-day life.
2. Lifetime - the effect of aging on human perception of time, and research into extending the human lifespan.
3. Earth Time - how an understanding of geological time changes the human race’s perception of itself.
4. Cosmic Time - the current understanding of the nature of time on a cosmic scale.

External links

• Official BBC4 website

During World War II, Operation Boardman was a deception operation that supported the Operation Avalanche invasion at Salerno, Italy.

This deception continued the false threat of an Allied invasion of the Balkans.

See also

• Allied invasion of Italy
• Operation Chettyford
• Operation Fairwinds
• Operation Mincemeat

In telecommunication, the term chirping has the following meanings:

1. The rapid changing, as opposed to long-term drifting, of the frequency of an electromagnetic wave.

Chirping is most often observed in pulsed operation of a source.

2. A pulse compression technique that uses (usually linear) frequency modulation during the pulse.

3. A trademarked term in mobile communications used by Nextel and Boost Mobile for sending voice messages to a private number in push-to-talk or walkie-talkie mode.

4. To make fun of someone from afar or to make fun of a good friend at anytime about things that are only “inside jokes”. It can be used in context as either a positive compliment or a negative retort.

See also: chirp.

Dear Friends may refer to:

• “Dear Friends”, a song by the band Queen.
• Dear Friends, the name of a 1972 album by comedy group Firesign Theatre.
• , the name of a concert tour of music from the Final Fantasy video game series.
• , an arranged album for Final Fantasy V
• Dear Friends, a 2007 Japanese drama film.

ResMed is a manufacturer of products for the treatment of sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea.

ResMed was formed in 1989, its primary purpose was to commercialise a device for treating obstructive sleep apnea with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP treatment was commercialised by Peter Farrell and Professor Colin Sullivan.

In March 2007, the company recalled all of its flagship S8 models worldwide due to electrical safety problems.<ref name=”Recall”></ref>

See also

• Sleep and breathing#Abnormal sleep and breathing (Sleep related breathing disorders)

References

Product recall

The Korea General Machinery Trading Corporation is a large North Korean machine company. The company is headquartered in the Tongdaewon District near the capital, Pyongyang.

The company imports steel, chemical raw stock and some machine tools and turns out machine tools, metal parts, gears, electric motors, generators, hydroelectric generators, pumps, valves, mining equipment, rolling stock and other machinery.

Taean Heavy Machine Complex

An important part of Korea General Machinery is the Taean Heavy Machine Complex in Tongdaewon. This is where its hydroelectric generators and other thermal power generating equipment is manufactured, including turbines, motors, transformers, etc. Taean manufactures different sizes classes of hydroelectric equipment in its Tongsuse Class including a 50,000 kVA generator. The factory complex is up-to-date in its computerization.

Huichon Machine Tool Factory

Huichon Tool-Machine Factory|Huichon Machine Tool Factory in Huichon is North Korea’s leading manufacturer of heavy-duty machine tools for domestic use and for export. The 50-year old factory group is involved in machine tool production processes including steel-making, casting, processing, assembly, painting and packing. Product is produced on serial basis and small lot basis.

Its output of precision machine tools includes an assortment of spline-grinding machines and industrial lathes.

See Also

• Economy of North Korea

External link

• Naenara, North Korea’s Web Portal

Gene silencing is a general term describing epigenetic processes of gene regulation. The term gene silencing is generally used to describe the “switching off” of a gene by a mechanism other than genetic modification. That is, a gene which would be expressed (turned on) under normal circumstances is switched off by machinery in the cell.

Genes are regulated at either the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level.

Transcriptional gene silencing is the result of histone modifications, creating an environment of heterochromatin around a gene that makes it inaccessible to transcriptional machinery (RNA polymerase, transcription factors, etc.).

Post-transcriptional gene silencing is the result of mRNA of a particular gene being destroyed. The destruction of the mRNA prevents translation to form an active gene product (in most cases, a protein). A common mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing is RNAi.

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing are used to regulate endogenous genes. Mechanisms of gene silencing also protect the organism’s genome from transposons and viruses. Gene silencing thus may be part of an ancient immune system protecting from such infectious DNA elements.

Specific studies of gene silencing

There are several more terms related to specific topics of gene silencing:

Transcriptional Gene Silencing:

• Genomic Imprinting
• Paramutation
• Transposon silencing
• Transgene silencing
• Transcriptional gene silencing
• position effect

Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing:

• post-transcriptional gene silencing
• RNAi
• Nonsense mediated decay (NMD)

Cellular components of gene silencing:

• Histones
• Chromatin and heterochromatin
• MicroRNA
• siRNA
• dsRNA
• Dicer
• Transposons

External links

• Science project: Transgenic apple varieties Approaches to preventing outcrossing – possible effects on micro-organisms
• Research project: New Cost-effective method for gene silencing

Pulse pressure is the change in blood pressure seen during a contraction of the heart.

Calculation

Formally it is the systolic pressure minus the diastolic pressure.<ref></ref>

Theoretically, the pulse pressure can be conceptualized as stroke volume X compliance. For instance, even though the right and left ventricles have similar stroke volumes, because the aorta is the most compliant vessel (due to the large amount of elastic fibers) the aortic pulse pressure is much greater than the pulmonary pulse pressure.

Values and variation

Usually, the resting pulse pressure in healthy adults, sitting position, is about 40 mmHg. The pulse pressure increases with exercise due to increased stroke volume, healthy values being up to pulse pressures of about 100 mmHg, simultaneously as total peripheral resistance drops during exercise. In healthy individuals the pulse pressure will typically return to normal within about 10 minutes.

For most individuals, during exercise, the systolic pressure progressively increases while the diastolic remains about the same. In some very aerobically athletic individuals, the diastolic will progressively fall as the systolic increases. This behavior facilitates a much greater increase in stroke volume and cardiac output at a lower mean arterial pressure and enables much greater aerobic capacity and physical performance. The diastolic drop reflects a much greater fall in total peripheral resistance of the muscle arterioles in response to the exercise (a greater proportion of red versus white muscle tissue).

Low values

If the usual resting pulse pressure is measured as less than 40 mmHg, the most common reason is an error of measurement. If the pulse pressure is genuinely low, e.g. 25 mmHg or less, the cause may be low stroke volume, as in Congestive Heart Failure and/or shock, a serious issue. This interpretation is reinforced if the resting heart rate is relatively rapid, e.g. 100-120 (in sinus tachycardia), reflecting increased sympathetic nervous system activity and the body’s response to low stroke volume and low cardiac output.

High values

If the usual resting pulse pressure is consistently greater than 40 mmHg, e.g. 60 or 80 mmHg, the most likely basis is stiffness of the major arteries, aortic regurgitation (a leak in the aortic valve), arteriovenous malformation (an extra path for blood to travel from a high pressure artery to a low pressure vein without the gradient of a capillary bed), hyperthyroidism or some combination. (A chronically increased stroke volume is also a technical possibility, but very rare in practice.) Some drugs for hypertension have the side effect of increasing resting pulse pressure irreversibly. A high resting pulse pressure is harmful and tends to accelerate the normal ageing of body organs, particularly the heart, the brain and kidneys. A high pulse pressure combined with bradycardia is associated with increased intracranial pressure and should be reported to a physician immediately.

Relationship to heart disease

Recent work suggests that a high pulse pressure is an important risk factor for heart disease. A meta-analysis in 2000, which combined the results of several studies of 8,000 elderly patients in all, found that a 10 mm Hg increase in pulse pressure increased the risk of major cardiovascular complications and mortality by nearly 20%.<ref>Blacher J, Staessen JA, Girerd X, Gasowski J, Thijs L, Liu L, Wang JG, Fagard RH, Safar ME. Pulse pressure not mean pressure determines cardiovascular risk in older hypertensive patients. Arch Intern Med 2000 Apr 24;160(8):1085-9. PMID 10789600</ref> The authors suggest that this helps to explain the apparent increase in risk sometimes associated with low diastolic pressure, and warn that some medications for high blood pressure may actually increase the pulse pressure and the risk of heart disease.

See also

• Blood pressure
• Mean arterial pressure

References

<references/>

In music, a pulse is a series of identical, yet distinct periodic short-duration stimuli perceived as points in time (DeLone et al. (Eds.), 1975, chap. 3). Ideally, this is opposed to a series of identical but aperiodically occurring stimuli, a series of periodically occurring yet otherwise differentiated stimuli, or an uninterrupted stream of sound (such as a drone). A pulse may be an unheard event underlining a piece or metric level, thus the tempo of the piece is how fast the pulse is running, implied by the performer or listener based on context or past experience, or audible such as in Terry Riley’s In C.

Non-ideal pulses varied according to strength or accents, which produce two- or three-pulse pulse groups (anything larger being a combination), strong-weak and strong-weak-weak (ibid). In fact, given an ideal pulse, the most probable reaction for one to have is to perceptually group or differentiate the beats. A pulse which became too fast would become a drone, a pulse that is too slow becomes isolated sounds. A pulse that is regularly accented is a meter. An isochronal or equally spaced pulse on one level that uses varied pulse groups (rather than just one pulse group the whole piece) create a pulse on the (slower) multiple level that is non-isochronal (a stream of 2+3… at the eighth note level would create a pulse of a quarter note+dotted quarter note as its multiple level).

Pulse groups may further be distinguished as synchronous, if all pulses on slower levels coincide with those on faster levels, and nonsynchronous, if not.

See also

• Beat (music)
• Rhythm

Source

• DeLone et al. (Eds.) (1975). Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.

External links

• 1200 exercises for practicing pulses (notes and MIDI)

Fantasy name generators are programs that use a computer algorithm to create a fantasy name at random probability, usually for use in a role-playing game. They have been around since at least 1994. Early fantasy name generators often generated nonsense, creating names such as “Rsi’sskoo” or “Gbbtti”. Modern fantasy name generators are typically better at creating usable names.

Stanford Research Systems is a maker of general test and measurement instruments. The company was founded in 1980, is privately held, and is not affiliated with Stanford University.

Stanford Research Systems (SRS) manufactures all of their products at their Sunnyvale, California facility.
SRS produces scientific and engineering instruments for a number of different fields. Many of the products fall under the general category of “signal recovery.” These products are primarily sold to industry, university, and government labs, or sold as OEM components to other manufacturers.

Electronic Products

• Analog PID controllers
• Lock-in amplifiers
• Low-noise preamplifiers
• High voltage power supplies
• Gated integrators and boxcar averagers
• Synthesized function and clock generators
• Digital delay and pulse generators
• Frequency counters
• FFT spectrum analyzers
• LCR meters
• Thermocouple monitors
• Programmable filters
• Compact rubidium (atomic) frequency standards

Other Products

• Quartz Crystal Microbalances
• a melting point apparatus
• a nitrogen laser
• an optical chopper
• Vacuum gauges and controllers
• Residual Gas Analyzers (quadrupole mass spectrometers) and controllers
• Cryogenic temperature measurement instrumentation

External links

• Stanford Research Systems

In decision theory a score function, or scoring rule, is a measure of someone’s performance when they are repeatedly making decisions under uncertainty. For example, a TV weather forecaster may give the probability of rain every day. A viewer could note the number of times that a 25% probability was quoted, over a ten year period, and compare this with the actual proportion of times that rain fell. If the actual percentage was substantially different to the stated probability we say that the forecaster is poorly calibrated. A poorly calibrated forecaster might be encouraged to do better by a bonus system. Suppose we reward the forecaster with a reward <math>u(x,q)</math> when he makes a rain statement with an attached rain probability <math>q</math> and <math>x = 1</math> if it rains, <math>x = 0</math> if it does not. Assuming that our weatherman wishes to maximise his expected reward he will choose a forecast <math>q</math> which maximises

<math> \hat{u}(u|p)= pu(1,q)+(1-p)u(0,q)\,</math>

where p is his personal probability that rain will fall.

Proper score functions

A scoring rule <math>u(x,q)</math> is said to be proper if <math>\hat{u}(x,q)</math> is (uniquely) maximised when <math>q = p</math> for any value of <math>0\le p \le 1</math>. The use of proper scoring rule encourages the forecaster to be honest, as his expected payoff is maximised when he reports his personal rain probability <math>p</math> as the prediction <math>q</math>. Two commonly used proper score functions are:

The Brier score, given by

<math>u(x,q)=1-(x-q)^2\,</math>

and the logarithmic score function.

<math>u(x,q) =\begin{cases}

\log q & \textrm{if \ } x = 1 \\
\log (1-q) & \textrm{if \ } x = 0 \\
\end{cases}</math>

In kinematics, Euler’s rotation theorem states that, in three-dimensional space, any displacement of a rigid body such that a point on the rigid body remains fixed, is equivalent to a rotation about a fixed axis through that point. The theorem is named after Leonhard Euler.

In mathematical terms, this is a statement that, in 3D space, any two coordinate systems with a common origin are related by a rotation about some fixed axis. This also means that the product of two rotation matrices is again a rotation matrix. A (non-identity) rotation matrix has a real eigenvalue which is equal to unity. The eigenvector corresponding to this eigenvalue is the axis of rotation connecting the two systems.

Applications

Generators of rotations

Suppose we specify an axis of rotation by a unit vector [x, y, z] , and suppose we have an infinitely small rotation of angle Δθ  about that axis. To first order the rotation matrix ΔR  is represented as:

<math>\Delta R =

 \begin{bmatrix}
 1&0&0\\
 0&1&0\\
 0&0&1
 \end{bmatrix}

+

 \begin{bmatrix}
 0 & z&-y\\
 -z& 0& x\\
 y &-x& 0
 \end{bmatrix}\,\Delta \theta

= \mathbf{I}+\mathbf{A}\,\Delta \theta.
</math>

A finite rotation through angle θ about this axis may be seen as a succession of small rotations about the same axis. Approximating Δθ  as θ/N where N  is a large number, a rotation of θ about the axis may be represented as:

<math>R =\left(\mathbf{1}+\frac{\mathbf{A}\theta}{N}\right)^N

\approx e^{\mathbf{A}\theta}.</math>

It can be seen that Euler’s theorem essentially states that all rotations may be represented in this form. The product <math>\mathbf{A}\theta</math> is the “generator” of the particular rotation. Analysis is often easier in terms of these generators, rather than the full rotation matrix. Analysis in terms of the generators is known as the Lie algebra of the rotation group.

Quaternions

It follows from Euler’s theorem that the relative orientation of any pair of coordinate systems may be specified by a set of four numbers. Three of these numbers are the direction cosines that orient the eigenvector. The fourth is the angle about the eigenvector that separates the two sets of coordinates. Such a set of four numbers is called a quaternion.

While the quaternion as described above, does not involve complex numbers, if quaternions are used to describe two successive rotations, they must be combined using the non-commutative quaternion algebra derived by William Rowan Hamilton through the use of imaginary numbers.

Rotation calculation via quaternions has come to replace the use of direction cosines in Aerospace applications through their reduction of the required calculations, and their ability to minimize round-off errors. Also, in computer graphics the ability to perform spherical interpolation between quaternions with relative ease is of value.

See also

• Euler pole
• Euler angles
• Euler-Rodrigues parameters
• Rotation representation

Mud Pulse Telemetry - The transmission of encoded data through a drilling rig’s drilling mud system using rapid fluctuations in the pressure of a closed loop circulating system. There are three common methods of mud pulse telemetry: Continuous wave, Positive pulse, and negative pulse.

See also:

EM telemetry

MWD (measurement while drilling)

LWD (logging while drilling)

Pulse Types

Continuous wave telemetry sends the sensory data accumulated by the downhole measurement tool, known as an MWD (measurement while drilling) or LWD (logging while drilling) tool, by phase variations in the rig standpipe in a specific analog signal sequence that can be converted to a digital signal by processors that can measure fluctuations in the medium’s pressure. Positive pulse telemetry sends the sensory data by pressure increases. Negative pulse is the same transmission of encoded data using pressure decreases.

Pulse Determination

All digital data is formed by combining ones and zeros, known as the binary numeral system format. When the MWD (measurement while drilling)/LWD (logging while drilling) tool transmits data, it is in the form of an analog signal that sends ones and zeros.
Combining the sequences of numbers into a word, (or symbol, or value or anything else a computer is programmed to look for), returns input for the specific variable the system was expecting at the time. Continued decoding of data will be achieved while the binary return values match the expected variable input data format.

Underbalanced Drilling

When underbalanced drilling is used, mud pulse telemetry can become unusable. This is because usually in order to reduce the equivalent density of the drilling mud a compressible gas is injected into the mud, drastically reducing its ability to transmit pulsed data. In this case it is necessary to use another method different than mud telemetry, such as electromagnetic waves to sensors located at the surface.

Winona: A woman’s name, is originally from a Sioux nickname for a first-born daughter. <ref>www.native-languages.org</ref>

Places

• Winona, Arizona
• Winona Lake, Indiana
• Winona, Kansas
• Winona, Michigan
• Winona County, Minnesota
  • Winona, Minnesota, the county seat of Winona County
• Winona, Mississippi
• Winona, Missouri
• Wynona, Oklahoma
• Winona, Ontario
• Winona, Texas

People

• Wynonna Judd - country singer
• Winona LaDuke - activist
• Winona Ryder - actress

Objects

• In the sci-fi series Farscape, John Crichton nicknamed his personal pulse pistol “Winona” (after Winona Ryder).

See also

• Wenonah

References

<references/>

In music, a composite rhythm is the durations and patterns (rhythm) produced by considering all sounding parts of a specific musical texture. In music of the common practice period, the composite rhythm usually confirms the meter, often in metric or even-note patterns identical to the pulse on a specific metric level.

A low dropout or LDO regulator is a DC linear voltage regulator which has a very small input-output differential voltage. The main components are a power FET and a differential amplifier (error amplifier). One input of the differential amplifier monitors a percentage of the output, as determined by the resistor ratio of R1 and R2. The second input to the differential amplifier is from a stable voltage reference (bandgap reference). If the output voltage rises too high relative to the reference voltage, the drive to the power FET changes so as to maintain a constant output voltage.

Invention

The adjustable low dropout regulator first debuted on April 12, 1977 in an Electronic Design article entitled “Break Loose from Fixed IC Regulators“. The article was written by Robert Dobkin, an IC designer then working for National Semiconductor. Because of this, National Semiconductor claims the title of “LDO inventor“<ref>http://ldo.national.com</ref>. Dobkin later left National in 1981 to found Linear Technology where he is currently chief technology officer<ref>http://electronicdesign.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=16406</ref>.

Regulation

A regulator’s dropout voltage determines the lowest usable supply voltage. If, for example, the LDO has a dropout voltage around 700mV (0.7V), a 3.3V output would require the input to be at least 4V. Thus the LDO may be specified to provide a fixed 3.3V output with a 4V to 5.5V input.

An LDO’s output voltage variation is due primarily to a variation in the temperature of the constant voltage reference source and the differential amplifier characteristics, as well as the sampling resistor tolerance (R1 and R2).

Some LDOs employ a control or bias voltage that provides the ability to supply lower output voltages.

Quiescent Current

Among other important characteristics is the quiescent, or ground current (the current flowing through the system when no load is present), which creates a difference between the input and output currents. The series pass element, topologies, and ambient temperature are the primary contributors to quiescent current. Quiescent current and input/output limit the efficiency of LDO regulators and should thus be minimized.

External Links

• National Semiconductor LDOs

References

<references />

This is an article about nuclear power plant equipment. For other uses, see steam generator.

Steam generators are heat exchangers used to convert water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor core. They are used in pressurized water reactors between the primary and secondary coolant loops.

In commercial power plants steam generators can measure up to 70 feet in height and weigh as much as 800 tons. Each steam generator can contain anywhere from 3,000 to 16,000 tubes, each about three-quarters of an inch in diameter. The coolant is pumped, at high pressure to prevent boiling, from the reactor coolant pump, through the nuclear reactor core, and through the tube side of the steam generators before returning to the pump. This is referred to as the primary loop. That water flowing through the steam generator boils water on the shell side to produce steam in the secondary loop that is delivered to the turbines to make electricity. The steam is subsequently condensed via cooled water from the tertiary loop and returned to the steam generator to be heated once again. The tertiary cooling water may be recirculated to cooling towers where it sheds waste heat before returning to condense more steam. Once through tertiary cooling may otherwise be provided by a river, lake, ocean. This primary, secondary, tertiary cooling scheme is the most common way to extract usable energy from a controlled nuclear reaction.

These loops also have an important safety role because they constitute one of the primary barriers between the radioactive and non-radioactive sides of the plant as the primary coolant becomes radioactive from its exposure to the core. For this reason, the integrity of the tubing is essential in minimizing the leakage of water between the two sides of the plant. There is the potential that if a tube bursts while a plant is operating; contaminated steam could escape directly to the secondary cooling loop. Thus during scheduled maintenance outages or shutdowns, some or all of the steam generator tubes are inspected by eddy-current testing.

In other types of reactors, such as the pressurised heavy water reactors of the CANDU design, the primary fluid is heavy water. Liquid metal cooled reactors such as the in Russian BN-600 reactor also use heat exchangers between primary metal coolant and at the secondary water coolant.

Boiling water reactors do not use steam generators, as steam is produced in the pressure vessel.

Types

Westinghouse and Combustion Engineering designs have vertical U-tubes with inverted tubes for the primary water. Canadian, Japanese, French, and German PWR suppliers use the vertical configuration as well. Russian VVER reactor designs use horizontal steam generators, which have the tubes mounted horizontally. Babcock and Wilcox plants (e.g., Three Mile Island) have smaller steam generators that force water through the top of the OTSGs (once-through steam generators; counter-flow to the feedwater) and out the bottom to be recirculated by the reactor coolant pumps. The horizontal design has proven to be less susceptible to degradation than the vertical U-tube design.

See also

• Nuclear power plant
• Power station
• Steam turbine

MoTeC

MoTeC is an Australian company founded in 1987, specializing in advanced automotive racing products.

Areas of MoTeC specialty include:

• data acquisition
• overrun boost enhancement
• boost control
• traction control
• full throttle upshifts
• gear dependent shift lights
• close loop lambda control
• idle speed control
• sophisticated acceleration / deceleration enrichment / enleanment

MoTeC manufactures engine control units as well as instrumentation and data logging equipment, including telemetry equipment. Most of their business involves automobile and motorcycle sport. MoTeC also produces PC software to make their products more usable.

External links

• MoTeC - official site

An emergency power unit (EPU), also called an emergency power supply unit (EPSU), is a device for energy production in case of failure of the primary systems.

For example, the EPU used in the F-16 aircraft employs a gas turbine powered by the engine bleed air or by hot gases generated by catalytic decomposition of hydrazine, which then drives the emergency electricity generator and the emergency hydraulic pump. On some commercial aircraft, such as the Airbus A330, a ram air turbine is used for emergency power.

Elevators often use battery-based EPUs to facilitate the descent of the elevator cabin to a safe position when the building power supply fails.

Uninterruptible power supply units and generators can be referred to as EPUs.

In electronics (specifically, signal processing), half time usually refers to the time it takes for the amplitude of a pulse to drop from 100% to 50% of its peak value.

<math>t_{half}\;=\;t_2\;-\;t_1\,\!</math>

Algorithmic probability is a concept in theoretical computer science; it quantifies the idea of theories and predictions with reference to short programs and their output. Around 1960, Ray Solomonoff invented the concept of algorithmic probability: take a universal computer and randomly generate an input program. The program will compute some possibly infinite output.

The algorithmic probability of any given finite output prefix q is the sum of the probabilities of the programs that compute something starting with q. Certain long objects with short programs have high probability.

Algorithmic probability is the main ingredient of Ray Solomonoff’s theory of inductive inference, the theory of prediction based on observations. Given a sequence of symbols, which will come next? Solomonoff’s theory provides an answer that is optimal in a certain sense, although it is incomputable. Unlike, for example, Karl Popper’s informal inductive inference theory, however, Solomonoff’s is mathematically rigorous.

Algorithmic probability is closely related to the concept of Kolmogorov complexity. The Kolmogorov complexity of any computable object is the length of the shortest program that computes it and then halts. The invariance theorem shows that it is not really important which computer we use.

Solomonoff’s enumerable measure is universal in a certain powerful sense, but it ignores computation time.

Carrier frequency is a term used to designate:

• The nominal frequency of a carrier wave
• The center frequency of a frequency modulation signal
• The frequency of the unmodulated electrical wave at the output of an amplitude modulated (AM), frequency modulated (FM), or phase modulated (PM) transmitter
• The output of a transmitter when the modulation is zero.

This list aims to contain the names of military personnel serving in World War II who are listed as Missing in Action from that war. The names of these persons should ideally be linked to articles (stub articles if necessary) either about each person individually or to a salient group that names that person as a member. The list is organized first by nationality and second by surname.

United States

H

• Donald Haines

A turbo generator is a turbine directly connected to an electric generator for the generation of electric power. Large Steam powered turbo generators (steam turbine generators) provide the majority of the world’s electricity and are also used by steam powered, turbo-electric ships.

Smaller turbo-generators with gas turbines are often used as auxiliary power units. For base loads diesel generators are usually preferred, since they offer much better fuel-efficiency and are also more reliable, but on the other hand they are much heavier and need more space.

The efficiency of larger gas turbine plants can be enhanced, if the hot exhaust gases are used to generate steam which drives another turbo generator.

Turbo generators were also used on steam locomotives as a power source for coach lighting and heating systems.

External Links

• http://www.srdrives.com/turbo-generator.shtml

is a video game programmer working for the Square Enix corporation. He has been credited on the following titles during his employment with the company:

• Final Fantasy X — (2001; as Main Event Programmer)
• Final Fantasy XII — (2006; as Main System Director, North American Event Programming Director)

He has also been credited as the main programmer for Sony Computer Entertainment’s Jumping Flash! 2.

External links

A pulse tube cryocooler is a device which provides refrigeration to cryogenic temperatures. It is a closed system that uses an oscillating pressure at one end to generate an oscillating gas flow in the rest of the system. This gas flow can carry heat away from a low temperature point if the conditions are right. The prime advantage of pulse tube cryocoolers over Stirling cryocoolers is that they have no moving parts in the low temperature region.

Pulse tubes are a developing technology. They have been used extensively in industrial applications such as semiconductor fabrication and in military applications such as for the cooling of infrared sensors.<ref>Development of the Pulse Tube Refrigerator as an Efficient and Reliable Cryocooler (2000)</ref> Pulse tubes are also being developed for use in the cooling of astronomical detectors where liquid cryogens are typically used, such as the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.<ref>About ACT (official site)</ref> Pulse tubes will be particular useful in space-based telescopes where it is not possible to replenish the cryogens once they have been depleted. It has also been suggested that pulse tubes could be used to liquefy oxygen on Mars.<ref>Pulse Tube Oxygen Liquefier</ref> The ice cream manufacturer Ben and Jerry’s has invested in pulse tube development and currently uses them to cool their product, as the technology provides an environmentally clean alternative to the chemicals used in conventional freezers.<ref>Chilling at Ben & Jerry’s : Cleaner, Greener</ref>

See also

• Cryocooler

References

<references/>

External links

• A Short History of Pulse Tube Refrigerators (NASA)
• SHI Cryogenics Group Home

The signal velocity of a wave is the speed at which a pulse travels through a medium. The signal velocity is usually defined from the position of half-maximum intensity of the pulse.

For electromagnetic waves such as light, the signal velocity is identical to the group velocity of the wave except when it is travelling through a medium with an absorption resonance close to the frequency of the wave. In this case, the phase velocity <math>v_\phi</math> may exceed the speed of light c, but the signal velocity v_s will always be less than or equal to c.

See also

• Dispersion (optics)
• Front velocity
• Phase velocity

References

• Brillouin, Léon. Wave propagation and group velocity. Academic Press Inc., New York (1960).

In medicine, pulsus bisferiens, also bisferious pulse or biphasic pulse, is a sign where, on palpation of the pulse, a double peak per cardiac cycle can be appreciated. Bisferious means striking twice. Classically, it is detected when aortic insufficiency exists in association with aortic stenosis, but may also be found in isolated but severe aortic insufficiency, and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

it can be best palpated in big arteries like brachial and carotid. The first lift is due to “percussion wave”(P) and the second lift is due to tidal wave (T).
If P>T - AR>AS

 if T>P - AS>AR

See also

• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

External links

• Bisferious pulse - Dorland’s Medical Dictionary
• Bisferious - Dictionary.com

A system agnostic computing technology (or person, in the case of system administrators and programmers) is one that does not depend entirely on the ideology of another technology, as in “OS agnostic” or “editor agnostic.”

The term system agnostic is also used in role-playing games to describe adventures and even entire campaign setting which can be used with a variety of role-playing game systems. It can also describe a player who is willing to play games which use any such system.

A random seed (or seed state, or just seed) is a number (or vector) used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator.

The choice of a good random seed is crucial in the field of computer security when a secret encryption key is pseudorandomly generated, a way to find it is to look for the seed used.

If the same random seed is deliberately shared, it becomes a secret key, so two or more systems using matching pseudorandom number algorithms and matching seeds can generate matching sequences of non-repeating numbers which can be used to synchronize remote systems, such as GPS satellites and receivers.

Random seeds are often generated from the state of the computer system (such as the time), or from a hardware random number generator.

Key Stage 5 is an unofficial label used to describe the two years of post-compulsory education for students aged 16-18, or at sixth form, in the United Kingdom, to align with previous Key Stages as labelled for the National Curriculum.

Halfway through Key Stage 5, students sit the GCE Advanced Subsidiary Levels examination and at the end of Key Stage 5, the A2 Level examinations. Sitting both AS and A2 level form the GCE Advanced Level qualification.

See also

• Key Stage
• Key Stage 1
• Key Stage 2
• Key Stage 3
• Key Stage 4
• GCE Advanced Subsidiary Levels
• A2 Level
• GCE Advanced Level

External link

• Official website of the United Kingdom National Curriculum

IEEE 802.1 is a working group of the IEEE 802 project of the IEEE. It is concerned with

• 802 LAN/MAN architecture
• internetworking among 802 LANs, MANs and other wide area networks,
• 802 Link Security,
• 802 overall network management, and
• protocol layers above the MAC & LLC layers.

IEEE 802.1 Standards

External link

• http://www.ieee802.org/1/

Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) is a type of Frequency Shift Keying modulation that utilizes a Gaussian filter to smooth positive/negative frequency deviations, which represent a binary 1 or 0. It is used by DECT, Bluetooth, Cypress WirelessUSB, Nordic Semiconductor and z-wave devices. For Bluetooth the minimum deviation is 115 kHz.

Generalization

In a GFSK modulator, everything is the same as a FSK modulator except that before the baseband pulses (-1, 1) go into the FSK modulator, it is passed through a gaussian filter to make the pulse smoother so to limit its spectral width. Gaussian filtering is one of the very standard ways for reducing the spectral width, it is called Pulse Shaping.

If we use -1 for fc-fd and 1 for fc+fd, once when we jump from -1 to 1 or 1 to -1, the modulated waveform changes rapidly, which introduces large out-of-band spectrum. If we change the pulse going from -1 to 1 as -1, -.98, -.93 ….. .96, .99, 1, and we use this smoother pulse to modulate the carrier, the out-of-band spectrum will be reduced. <ref>www.palowireless.com “GFSK Differences & Advantages over FSK Modulation”</ref>

The Fourier transform of a Gaussian curve results in a Gaussian curve.

References

Malik Miran Bux (born April 20, 1907, Rawalpindi, died February 8, 1991, Rawalpindi) was a Pakistani cricketer who played in 2 Tests in 1955. He was almost 48 years old when he played his first Test, making him the second oldest Test debutant (after James Southerton) in the game’s history.

Winona: A woman’s name, is originally from a Sioux nickname for a first-born daughter. <ref>www.native-languages.org</ref>

Places

• Winona, Arizona
• Winona Lake, Indiana
• Winona, Kansas
• Winona, Michigan
• Winona County, Minnesota
  • Winona, Minnesota, the county seat of Winona County
• Winona, Mississippi
• Winona, Missouri
• Wynona, Oklahoma
• Winona, Ontario
• Winona, Texas

People

• Wynonna Judd - country singer
• Winona LaDuke - activist
• Winona Ryder - actress

Objects

• In the sci-fi series Farscape, John Crichton nicknamed his personal pulse pistol “Winona” (after Winona Ryder).

See also

• Wenonah

References

<references/>

Corridors is a demo by British cinematic industrial black metal band The Axis of Perdition, self-released in 2002. According to the band, only 20 copies were released (presumably because the debut album followed soon, they didn’t distribute many demos)

The demo is actually a split CD with the group’s side project Pulsefear; a dark ambient project which pre-dates The Axis of Perdition. This project was put on hiatus for some time but work started again around the time of the second Axis of Perdition album.

Line up

• Michael Blenkarn - Guitar, Keys, Programming, Sampling, Ambient Discord
• Brooke Johnson - Vocal Corrosion, Industrial Bleakness, Bass, Further Guitar, Sampling

Track listing

1. Axis of Perdition - “To Walk the Corridors of Hell” - (7:17)
2. Axis of Perdition - “Chained in the Damnation Asylum” - (5:49)
3. Axis of Perdition - “Born Under the Knife, Live in Pain” - (6:04)
4. Pulse Fear - “A Figure In The Mist” - (5:27)
5. Pulse Fear - “Lighthouse” - (11:50)
6. Pulse Fear - “Embrasure Of The Dark Aspect” - (2:08)

Fantasy name generators are programs that use a computer algorithm to create a fantasy name at random probability, usually for use in a role-playing game. They have been around since at least 1994. Early fantasy name generators often generated nonsense, creating names such as “Rsi’sskoo” or “Gbbtti”. Modern fantasy name generators are typically better at creating usable names.

is a Japanese game scenario writer and is the founder of Stellavista Ltd.. He is best known for writing parts of Square Enix's Final Fantasy video game series, namely Final Fantasy VII, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy X, Final Fantasy X-2 and also the entire Kingdom Hearts series. Nojima also wrote the original lyrics of Liberi Fatali for Final Fantasy VIII and both Suteki da Ne and the Hymn of the Fayth for Final Fantasy X. He is currently working on Final Fantasy XIII as scenario writer.

Nojima worked for Square Enix until October 2003 and was credited on the following video games during his time as a Square-Enix employee:

• Final Fantasy X-2 (2003; as Scenario Writer) (w/ Daisuke Watanabe)
• Kingdom Hearts (2002; as Scenario Writer) (w/ Daisuke Watanabe and Jun Akiyama)
• Final Fantasy X (2001; as Scenario Writer)
• Final Fantasy VIII (1999; as Scenario Writer)
• Final Fantasy VII (1997; as Scenario Writer) (w/ Yoshinori Kitase)
• Bahamut Lagoon (1996; as Director)

Since working as a freelancer, he has been credited on the following projects:

• Crisis Core -Final Fantasy VII- (as Scenario Writer)
• Kingdom Hearts II (2005; as Scenario Writer)
• Final Fantasy VII Advent Children (2005; as Scenario Writer)
• Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories (2004; as Scenario Supervisor)
• Before Crisis -Final Fantasy VII- (2004; as Scenario Supervisor)
• Final Fantasy XIII (release year unknown; as Scenario Writer)

External links

Polyphase coils are electrical coils (phases) connected together in a polyphase system such as a generator or motor. In modern systems the number of phases is usually three, or a multiple of three. Each phase carries a sinusoidal alternating current whose phase is delayed relative to one of its neighbours and advanced relative to its other neighbour. The phase currents are separated in time evenly within each period of the alternating current. For example, in a three-phase system, the phases are separated from each other by one-third of the period.

Coil construction

Like all coils used in electrical machinery, polyphase coils (made from insulated conducting wire) are wound around ferromagnetic armatures with radial projections and maximum core-surface exposure to the magnetic field.

The windings are physically separated around the circumference of an electrical machine. The result of such an arrangement is a rotating magnetic field that is used to convert electrical power to rotary mechanical work, or vice versa.

Polyphase motors and generators

Compared to single-phase motors and generators, polyphase motors are simpler, because they do not require external circuitry (using capacitors and inductors) to produce a starting torque. Polyphase machines can deliver constant power over each period of the alternating current, eliminating the pulsations found in a single-phase machine as the current passes through zero amplitude.

History

The use of polyphase coils in electrical power systems was pioneered by the engineers Nikola Tesla, Galileo Ferraris, and Michail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky.

See also

• Induction motor

Jim Sonzero is a music video and film director. He co-directed Mariah Carey’s “Can’t Let Go”. His feature length directorial debut was Pulse, a horror movie starring Kristen Bell.

“Quicksave” redirects here. For the UK-based chain of food stores, see Kwik Save.

Quicksaving is the term used for saving the player’s progress in a computer game by pressing a single key on the keyboard. Normally, to save progress the player must reach a designated point in a level (checkpoint), or if saving is permitted elsewhere it is usually achieved through the use of a menu. In games that allow quicksaving, one can save progress with a simple keystroke, bypassing the menus or checkpoints.

Some people consider the use of quicksave in a game to be a form of cheating since it allows the player to incrementally “inch” through a difficult level regardless of skill. Others see the omission of quicksave as a fatal flaw in a game, believing that the player should have control as to when the game is saved. A good balance can be achieved if a game’s difficulty level is set so that quicksave is not required but to still provide the facility for those players that wish to make use of it.

Quicksaving is usually a feature found in PC games and is often not present in console games. One reason for this is hardware limitation: because a quicksave must contain information about the entire level state, rather than minor statistics such as player health and inventory, it can require significantly more memory to store the information (a quicksave for Doom 3 is approximately 10 megabytes in size, while a corresponding save game for any PlayStation game only occupies a few kilobytes).

An alternative meaning of “quicksave” is a specific limited method of saving a game. When the game is saved, it terminates thereafter and when restored, the save file is deleted so that it cannot be used to cheat by doing-over parts of the game.

In telecommunication, the term chirping has the following meanings:

1. The rapid changing, as opposed to long-term drifting, of the frequency of an electromagnetic wave.

Chirping is most often observed in pulsed operation of a source.

2. A pulse compression technique that uses (usually linear) frequency modulation during the pulse.

3. A trademarked term in mobile communications used by Nextel and Boost Mobile for sending voice messages to a private number in push-to-talk or walkie-talkie mode.

4. To make fun of someone from afar or to make fun of a good friend at anytime about things that are only “inside jokes”. It can be used in context as either a positive compliment or a negative retort.

See also: chirp.

Pulse modulation involves modulating a carrier that is a train of regularly recurrent pulses. The modulation might vary; the amplitude, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM); the duration,
pulse width modulation (PWM); the presence of the pulses, pulse code modulation (PCM); the time delay between pulses in a sequence, pulse position modulation (PPM); or the relative density of the pulses, pulse density modulation (PDM). Although pulse modulation transmits digital instead of analog signals, the modulating wave is continuous.